Afinitor is prescribed in combination with other medications to treat advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have already received certain other treatments. 

This combination therapy aims to slow down the progression of the cancer and improve overall survival rates. Afinitor is used to treat advanced kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) in patients who have already undergone other treatments that have not been effective. 

Afinitor is used specifically to treat a type of brain tumor called subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), which is associated with a genetic condition called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). SEGA tumors can cause serious complications if left untreated, such as hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain). 

How it works 

Afinitor, or everolimus, works by inhibiting a protein called mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), which plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Here’s how it works:

Inside cells, mTOR acts as a central regulator of several cellular processes, including protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle progression. When activated, mTOR promotes cell growth and division. However, in cancer cells, this pathway can become dysregulated, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

Afinitor blocks the activity of mTOR, essentially acting as an mTOR inhibitor. By inhibiting mTOR, Afinitor interrupts the signals that drive cancer cell growth and division. This inhibition slows down the proliferation of cancer cells, ultimately leading to a reduction in tumor size and progression.

Afinitor may also induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in cancer cells. By interfering with crucial signaling pathways involved in cell survival, Afinitor can trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, leading to their destruction.

Afinitor, like any medication, can cause side effects. It’s important to note that not all patients will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. Here are some common and serious side effects associated with Afinitor:

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea and Vomiting: A common side effect of Afinitor is nausea, which may be accompanied by vomiting in some cases. 
• Diarrhea: Afinitor can cause diarrhea, which may be mild to moderate in severity. Staying hydrated and making dietary adjustments can help alleviate this side effect.
• Fatigue: Many patients experience fatigue or weakness while taking Afinitor. Getting enough rest and incorporating regular physical activity into your routine may help reduce fatigue.
• Mouth Sores: Some patients may develop mouth sores or ulcers while taking Afinitor. Maintaining good oral hygiene and using mouthwash as recommended by your healthcare provider can help manage this side effect.
• Skin Rash: Afinitor may cause a skin rash or itching in some individuals. It’s important to avoid scratching or irritating the rash, and your doctor may recommend topical treatments to alleviate discomfort.

Serious Side Effects:

• Lung Problems: Afinitor can cause lung problems such as interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis, which may manifest as difficulty breathing, coughing, or chest pain. 
• Infections: Afinitor may weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Notify your healthcare provider immediately if you develop signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or sore throat.
• High Blood Sugar: Afinitor can raise blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue
• Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, Afinitor may cause allergic reactions, characterized by symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling of the face or throat, or difficulty breathing.

It’s essential to discuss any concerns or potential side effects with your healthcare provider before starting treatment with Afinitor. They can provide guidance on managing side effects and adjusting your treatment plan if necessary.

Before starting treatment with Afinitor, it’s important to be aware of certain precautions and warnings to ensure safe and effective use of the medication. 

Inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially liver or kidney problems, diabetes, lung disease, or any infections. Afinitor may worsen these conditions or interact with other medications you’re taking.

Afinitor can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Take precautions to avoid exposure to infectious agents, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.

Avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking Afinitor, as it can increase the levels of the medication in your bloodstream, leading to potentially serious side effects.

Afinitor, like many medications, has the potential to interact with other drugs, which can affect its effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. It’s essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Dosage guidelines for Afinitor (everolimus) vary depending on the type of cancer being treated and individual patient factors. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dose and schedule for you based on factors such as your overall health, the type and stage of cancer, and any other medications you may be taking.

It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully and take Afinitor exactly as prescribed. Do not stop taking Afinitor or change your dose without consulting your doctor, even if you feel well. 

Your doctor may need to adjust your dose or monitor you for side effects during treatment.

Here are the prescription requirements for Afinitor summarized in bullet points:

• Afinitor is available by prescription only.
• It cannot be obtained over-the-counter or without a healthcare provider’s authorization.
• Before starting Afinitor treatment, patients must consult with a qualified healthcare provider, such as an oncologist or specialist in cancer care.
• Healthcare providers will assess the patient’s medical history, current health status, and suitability for Afinitor therapy.
• Afinitor will be prescribed based on the patient’s specific type and stage of cancer, as well as other individual factors.
• Patients should strictly adhere to their prescribed dosage and treatment schedule.
• Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider are necessary to evaluate treatment response, manage side effects, and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

Note: Following these prescription requirements ensures the safe and effective use of Afinitor in managing cancer and minimizing the risk of adverse effects or interactions.