| Common Brands | Adderall, Adderall XR, Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansule, Evekeo |
|---|---|
|
Drug Class |
Stimulants |
|
Controlled Substance Classification |
Not a controlled medication |
|
Generic Status |
Lower-cost generic available |
|
Availability |
Prescription only |
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are central nervous system stimulants. They are commonly prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. These medications work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a role in attention and impulse control.
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are widely used to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. In individuals with ADHD, these medications help alleviate symptoms such as impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty maintaining focus.
By increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, they promote better concentration and impulse control. Moreover, for those diagnosed with narcolepsy, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine aid in reducing excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleepiness, allowing individuals to maintain wakefulness and engage in daily activities more effectively.
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine work by affecting the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, namely dopamine and norepinephrine. These medications belong to a class of drugs known as central nervous system stimulants.
They increase the release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve terminals into the synaptic cleft, the space between neurons. By doing so, they enhance the signaling between neurons in key areas of the brain associated with attention, focus, and impulse control.
Additionally, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine back into the nerve terminals, prolonging their effects and amplifying their impact on neuronal activity. This mechanism ultimately leads to improved attention, concentration, and alertness in individuals with conditions such as ADHD and narcolepsy.
Individuals with preexisting cardiovascular conditions, such as heart disease, hypertension, or arrhythmias, should use amphetamine and dextroamphetamine cautiously due to the potential for increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Patients with a history of substance abuse or psychiatric disorders, including anxiety or psychosis, should use these medications with caution. Stimulants like amphetamine and dextroamphetamine may exacerbate underlying conditions or trigger psychiatric symptoms.
Long-term use of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine in children may lead to slowed growth or weight loss. Healthcare providers should carefully monitor growth parameters in pediatric patients receiving prolonged treatment.
The safety of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established. Healthcare providers should weigh the potential benefits against the risks before prescribing these medications to pregnant or nursing mothers.
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine may impair cognitive and motor function, affecting the ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Patients should exercise caution when engaging in activities that require alertness and coordination while taking these medications.
Concurrent use of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine with MAOIs, a class of antidepressants, can result in potentially life-threatening reactions, including hypertensive crises. MAOIs should be discontinued at least 14 days before starting treatment with these stimulants.
Some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), may interact with amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome. Close monitoring is warranted when combining these medications.
Certain antipsychotic medications, particularly those that affect dopamine receptors, may potentiate the effects of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine or increase the risk of adverse reactions. Healthcare providers should monitor patients closely when these drugs are used concomitantly.
Concurrent use of other stimulant medications or substances, including caffeine and illicit drugs like cocaine, may enhance the stimulant effects of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, potentially leading to excessive stimulation or cardiovascular complications. Patients should use caution and avoid excessive caffeine consumption while taking these medications.
Acidic substances such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or urinary acidifying agents may increase the excretion of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, potentially reducing their effectiveness. Patients should avoid taking acidic medications concurrently unless directed by a healthcare provider.
Dosage guidelines for amphetamine and dextroamphetamine vary depending on the condition being treated and the patient’s age. For ADHD treatment, children aged 6 and older typically start with 5 mg once or twice daily, with adjustments made weekly by increments of 5-10 mg, up to a maximum of 30 mg per day.
Adults usually begin with 10 mg once daily, increasing by 10-20 mg per week, not exceeding 60 mg daily. For narcolepsy, adults and children aged 12 and older typically start with 10 mg once daily, adjusted weekly by 10 mg increments, up to 60 mg daily. Dosage adjustments should be made cautiously under healthcare supervision.
Elderly or patients with hepatic or renal impairment may require lower starting doses. Regular monitoring of therapeutic response, adverse effects, and vital signs is essential for optimal management.
It’s crucial to administer the medication in the morning to minimize the risk of insomnia. Extended-release formulations offer convenient once-daily dosing for sustained symptom control. Healthcare providers should regularly reassess the need for continued treatment and adjust doses accordingly.
Answer: Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are primarily prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They help improve focus, attention, and control over impulses.
Answer: Amphetamines increase the levels of certain neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This action enhances alertness, attention, and focus.
Answer: Common side effects include insomnia, dry mouth, loss of appetite, increased heart rate, anxiety, and irritability. More serious side effects can occur and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Answer: Yes, these medications have a potential for abuse and addiction, especially when not taken as prescribed. It’s important to use them under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Answer: Amphetamines can be safe for children when prescribed by a healthcare professional, particularly for treating ADHD. Monitoring is essential to manage side effects and effectiveness.
Answer: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Don’t double up on doses.
Answer: It’s generally advised to avoid alcohol while taking amphetamines, as it can increase the risk of side effects and negatively affect the medications’ effectiveness.
Answer: You should notice improvements in focus, attention, and activity levels. Any changes should be discussed with your healthcare provider to determine if adjustments are needed.
Answer: If you experience severe side effects such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or signs of an allergic reaction (swelling, rash, difficulty breathing), seek medical attention immediately.
Answer: Yes, amphetamines can interact with other medications, such as antidepressants and blood pressure medications. Always inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking.
Answer: Yes, some individuals may develop a tolerance, meaning they may need higher doses to achieve the same effect over time. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is important.
Answer: Yes, non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine (Intuniv) are available for treating ADHD and may be better suited for some individuals.
Answer: The safety of amphetamines during pregnancy is not well-established, and they should only be prescribed if the benefits outweigh the risks. Consult your healthcare provider for guidance.
Answer: Amphetamines can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which may pose risks for individuals with heart conditions. It’s important to discuss your heart health with your provider.
Answer: The effects often last between 4 to 12 hours, depending on the type of formulation (immediate-release or extended-release) and individual metabolism.
Answer: Signs of overdose may include rapid heartbeat, hallucinations, panic, fever, muscle pain, and seizures. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical help immediately.
Answer: It is illegal and unsafe to buy amphetamines online without a prescription. Always obtain medications from licensed pharmacies through a valid prescription from a healthcare provider.
Answer: Amphetamines should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, in a secure place out of reach of children and pets.
Answer: While amphetamines can be helpful for those with ADHD, they may cause or exacerbate anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues in some individuals. Monitoring is crucial.
Answer: Consult your healthcare provider before discontinuing amphetamines. They may recommend a gradual dose reduction to minimize withdrawal symptoms and monitor your condition.
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