Bacitracin and polymyxin B ophthalmic is available primarily as an ointment. The medication is applied directly to the affected eye or eyes, several times a day, according to the severity of the infection and the prescription from the prescribing physician. General steps for the application of ophthalmic ointment are as follows:

Wash Your Hands: Before touching the medication, wash your hands well to avoid contamination.

Tilt Your Head Back: For easier application, tilt your head back and look up a little bit.

Apply the Ointment: Use a small amount of ointment, usually in the form of a ribbon of ointment. Place this into the lower eyelid pouch without touching the eye itself with the tube tip so that contamination is avoided.

Close Your Eyes: After the ointment has been applied, close your eyes gently and roll your eyeball around to help the medication spread all over.

The mechanism of action by which bacitracin and polymyxin B work is to break down the structure of the bacterial cells; hence, they prevent bacteria from multiplying and further affecting the eye tissues.

Bacitracin acts by inhibiting the enzyme that catalyzes the final steps of peptidoglycan synthesis, thus interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Since an intact cell wall is crucial for the maintenance of bacterial shape and structure, destruction of the cell wall results in cell lysis.

Polymyxin B targets the bacterial cell membrane, specifically the lipopolysaccharides that make up the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxin B binds to these lipids, disrupting the membrane’s integrity and causing leakage of cellular contents. This leads to bacterial death.

Together, bacitracin and polymyxin B create a potent antibacterial environment, effectively neutralizing a wide range of bacteria that may infect the eyes.

As with any drug, bacitracin and polymyxin B ophthalmic may cause side effects. Because it is applied topically to the eye, systemic side effects are rare. Common side effects include:

Eye Irritation: This is the most common side effect and may be manifested by burning, stinging, or itching upon application. These symptoms usually subside as the eye becomes accustomed to the medication.

Blurred Vision: The ointment will cause temporary blurring of vision. It is advisable to apply the medication right before bed, or when one does not need to see clearly in the immediate future.

If severe side effects such as severe pain, changes in vision, or worsening infection occur, then a doctor should be consulted right away.

Hypersensitivity: This ophthalmic bacitracin and polymyxin B should not be given to those allergic to one or more of the ingredients. The patient’s history of allergies must be assessed before the initiation of therapy.

Use in Pregnancy: There is a very limited amount of data regarding the use of bacitracin and polymyxin B during pregnancy. It is generally safe for short-term use; however, pregnant women should first consult their healthcare provider.

Avoid Contamination: When using all forms of eye medications, ensure not to touch the dropper tip to any surface, especially not to the eye or the surrounding eyelid area to prevent contamination. Good hygiene procedures are always to be maintained.

With Topical Steroids: Using Bacitracin and Polymyxin B with corticosteroid eye drops may suppress the immune response, reducing the effectiveness of the antibiotics.

With Other Ophthalmic Antibiotics: Combining it with other topical antibiotics may increase the risk of irritation or allergic reactions.

With Systemic Antibiotics: Bacitracin and Polymyxin B have minimal systemic absorption, but combining with oral antibiotics can still affect overall treatment outcomes.

With Antifungal Medications: Prolonged use with antifungal treatments may disrupt the balance of the ocular flora.

The dosage of the bacitracin and polymyxin B ophthalmic ointment varies according to the severity and type of eye infection. Generally, the following guidelines are applied:

For mild to moderate infections, the ointment is usually applied 1 to 3 times daily to the affected eye.

For severe infections, the dosage may be increased to 4 or more times a day, as directed by the healthcare provider.

Patients should be given medication and take it exactly as prescribed by the doctor, refrain from taking their dose more than they should.

Bacitracin and polymyxin B ophthalmic ointment is a prescription-only medication, meaning it can only be obtained through a healthcare provider’s prescription. This is because it is important to ensure that the medication is appropriate for the specific infection being treated, as improper use or overuse of antibiotics can contribute to bacterial resistance and other complications.

The health care provider will determine the condition, provide an appropriate diagnosis, and give an appropriate dose.

1. What is Bacitracin and Polymyxin B Ophthalmic used for?

   • Bacitracin and Polymyxin B Ophthalmic is primarily used to treat bacterial eye infections and prevent infections in minor eye injuries or surgical procedures.

2. How does Bacitracin and Polymyxin B work?

   • Bacitracin interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, while Polymyxin B disrupts the cell membrane of bacteria, effectively killing or preventing the growth of bacteria.

3. What are the common side effects?

   • Common side effects may include temporary burning or stinging in the eyes, redness, or blurred vision. If these persist or worsen, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

4. Is Bacitracin and Polymyxin B safe for everyone?

   • While generally considered safe, it may not be suitable for individuals allergic to these antibiotics or with certain eye conditions. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.

5. How should Bacitracin and Polymyxin B Ophthalmic be applied?

   • Typically, 1 to 2 drops are applied to the affected eye(s) 3-4 times a day or as directed by a healthcare professional. Always wash hands before application.

6. Can I use Bacitracin and Polymyxin B if I wear contact lenses?

   • It’s usually recommended to remove contact lenses before application and wait for at least 15 minutes after using the drops before reinserting them.

7. What should I do if I miss a dose?

   • If you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule.

8. Are there any drug interactions with Bacitracin and Polymyxin B?

   • There are no significant known drug interactions, but it’s always advisable to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are currently taking.

9. How long should I use Bacitracin and Polymyxin B?

   • The duration of treatment should be as prescribed by a healthcare professional, but it typically ranges from a few days to two weeks, depending on the infection’s severity.

10. Can Bacitracin and Polymyxin B be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

    • The safety of Bacitracin and Polymyxin B during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not fully established. Consult a healthcare professional before use.

11. What are the symptoms that indicate a serious reaction?

    • Symptoms such as severe itching, swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing may indicate an allergic reaction. If these occur, seek medical attention immediately.

12. Is it effective against viral or fungal eye infections?

    • Bacitracin and Polymyxin B are effective primarily against bacterial infections and are not effective against viral or fungal infections.

13. How should the medication be stored?

    • Store Bacitracin and Polymyxin B Ophthalmic at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it tightly closed and out of reach of children.

14. Is there a specific age limit for using Bacitracin and Polymyxin B?

    • It can typically be used in children and adults; however, dosage and administration should be discussed with a healthcare provider for children under two years old.

15. What should I do if I experience side effects?

    • If you experience bothersome side effects or any unusual symptoms, contact your healthcare provider for advice on whether to continue the medication.

16. Can I use other eye drops along with Bacitracin and Polymyxin B?

    • If using other eye drops, space them out by at least 5 to 10 minutes. Consult a healthcare provider for specific guidelines on using multiple medications.

17. Does Bacitracin and Polymyxin B have a shelf life?

    • Yes, like all medications, it has an expiration date. Check the label and do not use it past that date.

18. What should I do if I accidentally ingest Bacitracin and Polymyxin B?

    • Ingestion is not recommended. If ingestion occurs, seek medical attention immediately.

19. Are there any alternatives to Bacitracin and Polymyxin B?

    • Alternatives exist, including other antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Discuss with a healthcare provider for the best option for your condition.

20. Where can I obtain Bacitracin and Polymyxin B Ophthalmic?

    • This medication is available by prescription at pharmacies. It may also be available over-the-counter in some formulations, depending on local regulations.